AAZ engine and 1Y

The fuel system consists of a fuel tank, the fuel pump of a high pressure (TNVD), the fuel filter with a separator, submitting and returnable fuel tubes and four fuel nozzles.

TNVD is put in action by a gear belt. The fuel pump under high pressure via pipelines submits fuel to nozzles which are established in a head of the block of cylinders about combustion chambers. Nozzles inject fuel into vortical chambers in which there is a fuel ignition.

The nozzle represents the valve which opens at strictly certain pressure of fuel. The spray being on the bottom end of a nozzle, forms a torch of sprayed fuel of a demanded form. Otsechka of fuel is made by a needle under the influence of a nozzle spring. The spray and a needle are knot of precision accuracy and demand the accurate address at repair. Surpluses of fuel after an otsechka are pumped over along a needle, greasing it, and on the return pipeline are taken away in a tank.

Serviceability and the correct adjustment of nozzles are very important for normal operation of the engine. If the spray of a nozzle does not provide a torch of a demanded form, or there is a bad otsechka, the engine starts to work with vibration, there are strong mechanical knocks, the dymleniye raises.

For a stop of the engine there is an electromagnetic valve. At engine start on a winding of the valve 12 V.Klapan's tension moves opens and passes fuel to the pump and nozzles. At engine switching off by key turn in the lock of ignition the fuel valve is switched off and supply of fuel is blocked.

For simplification of start of the cold engine on early models the cable of increase in turns of idling which copes from the dashboard is used. On later models the cable of start of the cold engine is replaced with the automatic executive mechanism of increase in turns of the idling, established on the fuel pump.

Engines 1Z, AHU and AFN

The system of direct injection of fuel contains the electronic control device (ECU), sensors and executive mechanisms.

The moment of injection of fuel is defined by position of the fuel pump. The dynamic moment of injection of fuel and duration of injection of fuel copes the ECU block and sizes of a stream and temperature of air arriving in the engine, temperatures of cooling liquid, absolute atmospheric pressure (height) and depression in an inlet collector depend on turns of the engine.

Besides, the ECU block operates action of system of repeated burning of the fulfilled gases (EGR), system of fall of toxicity of exhaust gases, a control system of the pressure created by a turbonagnetatel and a control system of glow plugs.